In contrast to the existing large-scale smart farm system, this study was designed and manufactured a vertical farm system that can be used even in small indoor spaces such as homes or offices. Among the hydroponic cultivation methods, the system was designed and manufactured by dividing it into nutrient film technique (NFT) and deep water culture (DWC) cultivation methods. Experiments were conducted indoors without environmental management to identify optimized cultivation methods for romaine blue lettuce. For water environment control, the atmospheric environment and nutrient solution conditions were measured using EC, pH, and temperature and humidity sensors, and a growth survey was conducted. A comparison of production indicated that the DWC cultivation method yielded approximately 109 g higher than the NFT. In addition, a comparative analysis was performed on the leaf area through YOLO v8-based object detection using a camera. The optimal cultivation method of a small vertical farm that can be grown indoors without managing the weather environment was confirmed.